Friday, May 31, 2019

The Influence Of CAD On Society Essay -- essays research papers

Before computers there were hands and tools. Before hands and tools there were just hands. human being keep back always been designing and throughout human history drafting is what became of it. With new technology in building during the earlier years drafting demand to be changed to accommodate it. Humans have always been able to find better ways to accomplish things. Drafting is no different.Before people apply tools to draw something they went to what we call now a General Contractor with an idea and he had to come up with the rest. After a while the contractors wanted more. retributive an idea wasnt enough for them. Their clients sometimes wouldnt like what they had built for them. So eventually the contractors asked the clients to tell them exactly what they wanted. Since it was hard to sketch accurately, tools were developed to serve them in drawing. This enabled the client to show the contractor exactly what he wanted.As the population grew rapidly the demands for faste r and more accurate plans did also. Once again drafters looked for a new way to draw. They decided to turn to the computer. In the 1950s MIT discovered the capability to display a computer-generated image on the screen (Zandi, 5). Up until the middle to late 1970s drafters used this technology just for mathematical calculations (Goetsch, 23). Then they discovered that the computer could be used to display more than just numbers. They institute that they could use it to draw on. It wasnt until the early 1980s that this new technology caught on (Goetsch, 23). Drafters found that using computers was much quicker, more accurate, and much neater than hand cadaverous plans. They had found their solution, Computer Aided Drafting and Design or CADD.Now that CADD has found it way into drafting it has been improving upon drafting greatly over the erstwhile(prenominal) 20 years. Today nearly all firms use CAD (Friedman). It has changed the way people go about their drawing and designing pr ocess. The variety of new programs has make everything more accurate, there are umteen more ways to think towards a problem, and the process of fast tracking has come about. It has changed the society in many ways.Whether using CADD or drawing a project traditionally, drafters always start off with a sketch. When brainstorming ideas i... ... in the office (Friedman). People sometimes have conflicting ways to go about something but in the end it all looks the same (Friedman).The human beings inherent slowness and inaccuracy in performing manual drafting tasks such as lettering, line work, and scale work, coupled with the ever increasing demands for higher levels of productivity, led to the wide scaled development of CADD (Zandi, 4). Drafting has been square off by CADD over the years and so has technology. The more we rotter do by drafting the more we can accomplish technologically. CADD has allowed us to accomplish these things. It devises a different way of thought process. ( Friedman) And like the railroad, electric light, or the car it will eventually alter our economic structures, our social systems, and our daily living. IBMs best thinking on this matter is that the computer did not turn out to be primarily a computational mechanism but is for many different things (Zandi, 22). CADD allowed us to design something as complex as a skyscraper and it allows us to create many other complex things. (Grad, 17) Many things are still to come of CADD can we can only await to see how it will change or society and our drafters more.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Essay --

Mara SalvatruchaMara Salvatrucha, otherwise known as MS-13, is quite possibly one of the most wellspring known and most notorious street face packs in the existence. Beginning in the poor immigrant streets of Los Angeles in the 1980s, the gang has spread like wild fire across not only the United States, but across the world, from Alaska to Spain (Tkach & Parker, 2006). Originating in Los Angeles, California, MS-13 was founded by refugees from El Salvador. Mara is a Central American term for gang salva refers to El Salvador, trucha, meaning trout in English, for something that is clever, or sharp. MS-13 is also known as the Salvadoran Army Ants. After MS-13 spread from their birthplace in Los Angeles across countries, their activities helped make the disreputable Northern Triangle Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, as the most violent place in the world that is not at war (Dudley, 2013). Mara Salvatrucha has been named one of the worlds most dangerous gangs due to their origin s, growing population of the gang, the brutality of their crimes, the signs and famous tattoos Mara Salvatrucha is known for, the prison life hiding the leaders, and the evolution into nonionic crime. Starting with civil wars of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua, refugees traveled northbound to Los Angeles. In 2012, the United States Treasury segment named MS-13 as a transnational criminal organization. The Treasury Department gave insight on details about how truly powerful MS-13 is, including that the gang is involved with drug trafficking, kidnapping, human smuggling, sex trafficking, murder, assassinations, racketeering, blackmail, extortion, and immigration offenses (Dudley, 2013). Mara Salvatrucha has been placed with the Zetas from Mexico, ... ... from Mexico, Italys Camorra, and the Japanese Yakuza, confirming that Mara Salvatrucha is one of the most dangerous gangs. When a member is sentenced to prison, it is beneficial for the member because they learn criminal and gang knowledge by the veterans of MS-13 that reside in prison. Learning the graffiti, the hand signals and stacking, the tattoos and their meanings, obtaining information from different cliques can all be obtained due to members of MS-13 going to prison. While America sits and continuously deports MS-13 gang members away from the States, they are spreading the terror to other countries. Now, in El Salvador, this country is seeing more rage now due to the gang violence than they did when they were going through civil war. Ironically, the civil war is what drove refugees up to Los Angeles and what became the birth place of Mara Salvatrucha.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Technology and the Media Essay -- social issues

Technology and the MediaIn this essay, British historian and broadcaster Asa Briggs looks at how technological advances made in recent decades have created a revolution in the media, allowing people to communicate in shipway they had never dreamed of. Briggs notes that although these sunrise(prenominal) modes of communicationincluding the television, the personal computer, the Internet, and other digital technologiesare available by dint ofout many parts of the universe, these media may be used in different ways depending upon the prevailing political and social circumstances. Briggs also raises questions about the future of the media and how the unfolding media revolution pass on affect peoples lives.Technology and the MediaThe sense that the world is in the middle of a continuing communications revolution has been strong since the 1960s when television made its great breakthrough. It was then that the Canadian writer on communications, Marshall McLuhan, made his memorable stat ements that the medium is the message and that the world was becoming a global village. It was then too that the word media became part of daily speech, finishing not only electronic media, live television, but older print media, particularly the press.Comparisons were drawn between the progress and the development of television in the twentieth century and the advent and diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. It was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, future(a) in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the 19th century also that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.It is general ly recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. It now became possible to combine thousands, later millions, of individual transistors on a single chip. Computers became smaller and more powerful. They became personal... ...iafrom books to motion pictures and from cable to satelliteendanger individual freedom? Will the opportunity of choice, clefted to individuals, mean that the field of choice will be genuinely widened? May we not have more and more of the same thing?It is logical to separate out questions relating to technological developments from questions relating to ownership and control, but, in practice, visions of the future world involve bringing them together. It is difficult in present circumstances to avoid the blurring of image (seeing the world as it is presented to us o r as we present it to ourselves) and reality. Can truth survive? The media in their mediation can create what has come to be called virtual reality and Internet can offer fantasy ways of escaping from the restraints of life as it is lived to a world of cyberspace. Cyber words have multiplied during the 1980s and 1990sfrom cybernaut to cyborg through a entire new vocabulary.It may well be that through an effort to chart the words that we use, and the dates when they were first used, we can achieve a greater understanding of a continuing historical process that encompasses the future as well as the past.

Character Analysis Of Siddhartha :: essays research papers

Siddhartha had peerless single goal - to become empty, to become empty of thirst, desire, dreams, pleasure and sorrow - to let the egotism die. No longer to be Self, to visit the peace of an emptied heart, to experience pure thought - that was his goal. When all the Self was conquered and dead, when all passions and desires were silent, then the last must awaken, the innermost of Being that is no longer Self - the great secret (14) Siddhartha, according to his actions, was constantly in search for knowledge, regardless of what kind, or what he had to do to obtain it. In the book titled Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse, this is shown to us by Siddharthas leaving home to join the Samanas, and all the actions leading to his residence alongside the river.Leaving his loving family and home where all loved him, shows us that Siddhartha not only knows what he wants but will do anything to attain it. As described on pages 10 through 12, Siddhartha did not leave his fathers chambers until he h ad gotten his way, until his father had submitted to Siddharthas wishes and agreed to let him leave home to join the Samanas. This stubbornness, this patience with people and situations is also a large part of Siddharthas character. It enables him to out wait anyone or anything, which teaches him how to do without and also helps him through his time with the Samanas. "Siddhartha learned a great deal from the Samanas he learned many ways of losing the Self" (15). Despite the mod knowledge he acquired, Siddhartha realized that it was only " . . . a temporary palliative against the pain and folly of life" (17). And with this, his next decision was to leave the Samanas and go in search of the Buddha in order to learn perhaps something he did not already know. Through this we learn that Siddhartha, having learned all that is possible in one place, moves to another in search for more wisdom in search for the secret of how to obtain inner peace, how to find the Self. This action also shows his change by showing us that Siddhartha no longer has the patience to stick to certain routines as he did when he was at home in his youth. Finding the Buddha in a garden, Siddhartha and Govinda spend an evening and afternoon in the " .

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Movie: Delta Force - Suicide In Chinatown :: essays research papers

Movie Delta Force - Suicide in ChinatownThere was a normal afternoon in Chinatown. Everybody was really interestedin Silvester Stalones new action movie that was being played for the first timethis weekend.Delta Force was the movie. Stalone was acting as a very famous cop. Hebecame popular because one year before he killed all a group of terrorists thatwas planning to put a bomb in the Empire earth Building. Now he is fightingagainst some bank robbers.The critics and also the public were complaining about the violence thatthe film shows. The critics said that too much business and fights would incite abad behavior from the public.Because of all these complaints the public opinion was discussing thepossibility of cut of some parts of the movie or even throw in playing it.During the 800pm movie session, one fact worked to decide quickly thesituation...There were many couples in the movie theater and during one of the most cherry part of the film, a couple stood up and pulled out t wo gun machines thatwere in a suitcase.They were, apparently, a normal couple. The blond man using byssus waswearing sport clothes. He was carrying a medium black and white suitcase, fromwhere they pulled the gun. The woman was also young, may be working to 20 or 22years old. She was wearing shorts and a red shirt.She was the most nervous and she was the one who ordered everybody to hunt on the floor and picked the guys as hostages.When they ordered the hostages to line on the floor, one girl escapedfrom the place and called the police.The couple didnt ask for anything special. They just began to screamsaying that they had the power and wanted the public attention.Five proceedings after the girl escape from the cinema, the police arrived.There were more than fifteen police cars around the cinema, nobody could escape.The sergeant got out of the car and began to negotiate with the couple, attemptto release the hostages safely. The sergeant asked how could he finish thesituation and the couple asked for a TV team to playscript something very importantto them.The sergeant permitted the CNN team to go into the movie theater but,for doing it, he asked the couple to release the half part of the hostages thatwere there.The guy accepted and when the CNN team went into the cinema he releasedseventy-five people.When the CNN group began to record the place, the couple put theirweapons on their own head and shot themselves.

Movie: Delta Force - Suicide In Chinatown :: essays research papers

Movie Delta Force - Suicide in ChinatownThere was a normal subsequentlynoon in Chinatown. Everybody was really interestedin Silvester Stalones new action icon that was being played for the first timethis weekend.Delta Force was the movie. Stalone was acting as a very famous cop. Hebecame best-selling(predicate) because one year before he killed all a group of terrorists thatwas planning to put a bomb in the Empire State Building. right off he is fightingagainst some bank robbers.The critics and also the public were complaining about the violence thatthe film shows. The critics said that too much blood and fights would aid abad behavior from the public.Because of all these complaints the public opinion was discussing thepossibility of cut of some farewells of the movie or even stop vie it.During the 800pm movie session, one fact worked to decide quickly thesituation...There were many geminates in the movie theater and during one of the mostviolent part of the film, a couple s tood up and pulled out two gun machines thatwere in a suitcase.They were, apparently, a normal couple. The blond man using beard was wearing sport clothes. He was carrying a medium black and white suitcase, fromwhere they pulled the gun. The woman was also young, may be working to 20 or 22 days old. She was wearing shorts and a red shirt.She was the most nervous and she was the one who ordered everybody toline on the floor and picked the guys as hostages.When they ordered the hostages to line on the floor, one girl escapedfrom the place and called the police.The couple didnt ask for anything special. They just began to screamsaying that they had the power and wanted the public attention.Five minutes after the girl escape from the cinema, the police arrived.There were more than fifteen police cars around the cinema, nobody could escape.The sergeant got out of the car and began to negotiate with the couple, tryingto publish the hostages safely. The sergeant asked how could he finish thesituation and the couple asked for a TV team to record something very importantto them.The sergeant permitted the CNN team to go into the movie theater but,for doing it, he asked the couple to release the half part of the hostages thatwere there.The guy accepted and when the CNN team went into the cinema he releasedseventy-five people.When the CNN group began to record the place, the couple put theirweapons on their own head and shot themselves.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Current Issues in Early Childhood Education Essay

Early childhood learning refers to the type of education for children in the premature ages, those considered still dangerous in life. Its normally considered from the inception of human life to age eight. Other synonyms can be use like premature childhood learning, archean care and early education but they all mean the same thing as early childhood education.There are so umteen emerging issues in early childhood education today. This is majorly due to the changes in the cultures, dynamism, political systems and technology. These changes have had a very drastic change in the education of children. Some of these changes include the changes in the resources for use in teaching the children, the change in curriculum, the change in the mode of teaching and the support materials to be used in class. (Booth, 2004)There are different curriculum approaches which have caused different effects in the school systems especially the early childhood curriculum in Alabama. The three common ap proaches are the traditional approach, the learner centred approach and the critical approach. These approaches have brought about different issues in the school curriculum.These include(Gibbs, 1992)The Scott Foresman series is a very intensive reading intervention programme. Its designed for children i.e. Those who cannot comprehend grade- take material and cannot benefit from the strategic intervention of support materials in class.The program is a systematic, researched based and well balanced program that has a great influence on every lesson taught in class. It utilizes the five essential elements of reading which include phonics, vocabulary, suaveness and comprehension. They form the fundamental instructional design of the lessons. Students are provided strategies and activities that often reinforce the essential components in learning. (Barnett, 1992)The ultimate goal of this series is to ensure that early(Barnett, 1992) childhood teachers across the united states get high quality and well aligned class fashion assessments to adequately monitor the learners in development of their skills and achieve the best in the educational objectives.This series is based on the priority skills model which ensures that students receive the right and the best instructional materials at each grade level. Of much emphasis is the early childhood level. This has created a more accurate and effective alignment of state standards.The curriculum in this series was developed by the education experts, who were trained in their coding functioning, having more independent decisions as to the content and quality of the evaluation process and the state objectives. Test alignment indices for each test grade level were prepared by the technical staff and comprised grading from 0.0 to 0.1 and the possibility of comparisons with other tests. It adapted the handwriting curriculum making it one of the best series in the states. This handwriting curriculum is the innovative, continuou s stroke method of teaching children how to write on manuscripts. This has had a positive effect on the form of education because it has caused consistency. (Barnett, 1992)In general the Scott Foresman series fulfils the requirements which are fundamental for an educational programme. These include providing solid support for teachers in the classroom, enabling the learners especially children to learn equally and complying with the State and local curriculum guidelines and frameworks.The Scott Foresmans series however has had failures also. One of the failures is its overemphasis on child student learner and not considering an older person. The resource materials, the curriculum development, the learning criteria and the evaluation process is so much articulated to the child development and the older student has not been considered.The Scott Foresman series helps the teacher to identify only the best children and develop them ignoring the silent learners and the weak students. Th is is evident in the mode of instruction which gives priority the best learners to excel.The system of learning in Foresman is very rigid and procedural. This does not give room to the learner to have his own research and to utilize other skills of children. The series provide a routine that provide an explicit and systematic format.ReferenceBarnett, R. (1992) schooling effect, Great Britain Open University press.Gibbs, G. (1992) Teaching more students problems design strategies, Oxford PolytechnicThe oxford Centre for staff Development (1994) Course design for Resource based learning, Oxford Oxford Brookes.Booth, T. (2004) developing learning, confederation and play in the early years of child care, Bristol Centre for learning and Inclusive education.Education review office (2002) Evaluation review on early childhood services, Wellington Education Review office.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Media and Children

Today I came here to discuss the subject media and children In this topic I will I tell you what is the influence of media on our childrens But First of all I will explain to you what is media? Media Communication channelsthrough and through whichnews,entertainment,education,data, orpromotional messagesargon disseminated. In my opinion Our media has negative impact on our childrens . because When children see scenes of violence, natural disasters, and crime reports on TV Which leads to stress, and idolatry among children leaving far reaching impacts on their personality.Now I will tell you some points with examples Blind Imitation you have often seen that young girls and boys imitate celebrities blindly do you give a thought to whether they are doing right or wrong?. in such that the impact of media is wrong Wrong Message in our society negatives are highlighted with the purpose of awakening people more or less them. For example, the negative effects of addiction are portrayed thr ough advertisements. Newspapers, television and the Internet are used to convey social messages.But unfortunately some successions, the message is misconstrued. Unhealthy Lifestyle Media is responsible for the change in eating habits of teenagers and the unhealthy lifestyle they are adopting. Media habituation The negative effects of media on children are manifested in terms of their changing mental setup and the declining quality of their lifestyle. Health Problems Media has negative effects on the forcible and psychological well-being of society. People spending hours in front of a television or surfing the Internet experience eye problems.A survey is conducted byGilani Research Foundation, on January 20, 2011 According to that survey Fifty two per centime people believed that media has a valuable effect on culture and lives . Whereas, 29 per cent said that it left no impact on their lives. A considerable 19 per cent gave no comments because they were unsure. Now I will tell yo u about a seminar which is organized by a Youth Forum on Tuesday, June 29, 2004 at Aga Khan University Auditorium. The speakers said that research had shown that children were prone to imitate what they saw on media.Teachers Development Centre Director Prof Abbas Hussain said that children through media got aware about certain facts of life mysteries, contradictions, tragedies and violence, which were not considered suitable for them to know. suggestions parents should see what children were watching in order to minimize the effects of such programmes. Television should not be used as a baby-sitter, we should remove television sets from bedrooms, monitoring of the websites they visit, setting of time limitation and finding alternative activities for them would be very helpful in reducing negative effects on personality of children.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Romeo Eulogy

Eulogy Romeo Citizens of fair Verona, today we gather here to grieve the loss of a precious child of God. Romeo Montague, a preadolescent public who was like a son to me, has sadly passed this realm. Although fate has already accomplished its deed, we can still remember the legacy Romeo has left at such a tender age. I first met Romeo when he was just a little child, born in a society absorbed in hatred. Romeo had a good life but was lonely. His parents did not have the time or energy to look after him and show him the attention he deserved.I often aphorism him wondering the streets at night misbehaving. Once I saw him steal a loaf of bread of his best friend Benvolio. As Benvolio treated him with insults, I came along and paid for that loaf of bread and took him back to my cell to teach him some life lessons. There, I taught him how to act properly, how to treat e rattlingone fairly and with equality and how to represent life in peace. I taught him to disregard this conflict an d always acquire new friends not enemies.As life went on I began to see a late arrogant boy turn into a gentle young man. One day Romeo visited me wanting some advice, he was love sick. He was depressed that a young womanhood known by the name Rosaline resisted his love and decided to become a nun. I counselled Romeo and advised him and his dear friends Mercutio and Benvolio helped him seek other woman in Verona. Before long, Romeo returned to me to give me the words he was in love once again. But this time I knew this love was real.The words he use to describe Juliet and their love for each was so deep and loyal that I was jealous, jealous that he had found the one for him yet he is a multitude younger than me. Romeo bugged me till I gave in to marry him and his Juliet, the only reason I gave in was because I purely believed that they were in love. Romeo was a very persistent but he was always determined and a caring and I knew him for that. When Romeo was banished I was devasta ted and when Juliet came to me wanting to not marry Paris and be with Romeo, I could not say no.Giving Juliet the sleeping potion and not delivering the note to Romeo myself were the worst decisions I have ever made. If I didnt do these silly decisions would they be quick today? As I heard Romeos last words Heres to my love O true apothecary Thy drugs are quick. consequently with a kiss I die. I watched the sorrow over the Capulet tomb I suffered guilt over Romeos death. I will forever Romeo as the great person he was. He cared about others, especially Juliet. May he be remembered as a brave and successful young man and never to be forgotten? Rest in peace Romeo.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Alternative Energy Helps Decrease Consumption Of Oil Environmental Sciences Essay

For several centuries, people uptake rough oil in their mundane life. It is employ in signifier of gasolene, Diesel fuel, or different industrial lubricators. From oil, it is able to make besides heat or electrical faculty. For a long clip, the most microscopical merchandises of petroleum oil utilise every twenty-four hours ar fuels for autos. As the figure of people on Earth is increasing, more autos are utilize, more electricity must be produced, more heat must be generated. All these facts show how people are dependent on oil and its merchandises. As miller explains in the book Living in the environment, 82 % of the universe used aptitude in 2004 came from nonrenewable resources. 33 % of it came from oil ( Miller, 2007 ) . It is true that the oil militias are exempt sufficient. On the other manus, it is of import to understand that the ingestion of oil is increasing each yr and oil, as the unrenewable resource, will be unmatchable twenty-four hours wholly depleted. T herefore, today it is of import to seek for other options. Wind, Sun, and H2O posterior be considered the new energy beginnings, which atomic number 50ful diminish the dependance on oil and other unrenewable resources.Wind energy is considered one of the cleanest and the longest used energy in universe. The primary signifiers of use of air electric current energy can be found in early history. As the blade page Alterenery.org explicates, The first known usage was in 5000 BC when people used canvass to voyage the Nile River. Persians had already been utilizing windmills for 400 old ages by 900 AD in order to pump H2O and swot grain. Windmills may hold change surface been developed in China before 1 Ad ( Alterenergy, n.d. ) . Besides in many European states, for illustration in Slovakia, air current Millss had been used for different intent like chattering the flour. Today, air current energy has gained first topographic point in many European provinces. Harmonizing the inform ation of European air current energy association, Germany is on the top of list of states which used air current energy at most. Germany reported 28777MW in the terminal of twelvemonth 2009. The 2nd topographic point belongs to Spain with 19149MW. Merely to compare, Slovakia reached merely 3MW in the terminal of twelvemonth 2009. This figure is authentic everyy low. In twelvemonth 2008, Austria had installed new 14MW of air current strength which helped it to make 995MW in the terminal of twelvemonth 2009 ( EWEA, 2010a ) . As the beginning continues, azA sum of 19,651 MW of new power capacity was constructed in the EU operate twelvemonth 2008 . Out of this, 8,484 MW ( 43 % ) was wind power 6,932 MW ( 35 % ) gas 2,495 MW ( 13 % ) oil 762 ( 4 % ) MW coal and 473 ( 2 % ) MW hydro power capacity ( EWEA, 2009b ) . minute information about air current energy for the old ages 2000 to 2008 is posted in Appendix A. As it was already mentioned, there several tools for coevals the el ectricity from air current energy. The most seeable are windmills, like those in Austria. There is besides aA new device called Magenn power air rotor agreement ( MARS ) . As the web page of alternate energy beginnings explains, this device is filled by He and rotates in horizontal degree. As the beginning continues, the He inside the device keeps MARS high about the land. This distance can be maximal 1000ft. The web page besides explains that thanks to Magnus consequence, MARS can remain at its topographic point. The electricity is produced when the air current goes throughout the particular unit in MARS, which starts to whirl. Then, thanks to a overseas telegram, the electricity is transited into aA transformer rigid on land ( AES, n.d.a ) . For better visual image of this drifting air turbine, see image 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Appendix A. As it is seeable from the images, this Magenn power air rotor formation can be located practically anyplace. It can be used on little islands, wh ere the conveyance of other furcate of electricity is im doable or excessively dearly-won. This system can be applied besides in polar countries, where people have to utilize diesel motor authors. But this is non the lone gain. As the AES explains, these turbines are non so dearly-won, are friendly to environment, and are more efficient than other systems. Ability of the MARS to run on higher velocity of air current compared to other air current turbines is the following difference advantage mentioned on the web page of AES. Another advantage is connected with the tallness in which this system operates. This system is non every bit seeable as classical air current turbines. Therefore, as AES explains, ocular and hurly burly impacts on land are reduced. Mobility of this system can be considered another advantage. As AES expounds, in instance of some catastrophe, the system can be motiveless abjuring. Therefore, the system will non be damaged ( AES, n.d.c ) . But the best thing on this air current energy is that it does non hold negative impact on environment as oil or other beginnings of energy that pollute the Earth. All the mentioned facts and advantages of air current energy show that this beginning of energy can vie with oil or other unrenewable resources. Wind energy can be considered the replacement of rough oil or other unrenewable resources in field of bring forthing electricity.Solar energy is considered for a long clip cleanest a cheapest beginning of energy. Harmonizing to Solar energy industries association, the history of solar panels has started in 1820 when Henri Becquerel noticed so called photovoltaic consequence. First photovoltaic solar contraption bring forthing convenient sum of electricity was created in 1954 ( SEIA, n.d. ) . Solar energy is practically unlimited because of life rhythm of the Sun. As the web page solarviews.com explains, Sun has still sufficient sum of fuel, dwelling of H and He, for about following basketball team bi llion old ages ( Solarviews, n.d. ) . Energy from Sun comes on Earth in signifier of visible radiation and heat. Both of them are created during thermonuclear mergers in a nucleus of Sun. Radioactive Sun air current is a secondary merchandise of this merger. Earth is, fortuitously, protected from this radioactive air current thanks to magnetosphere, which kick the bucketing like a shelter. For better imaginativeness, see picture 1 in Appendix B. In country of poles, this solar air current is seeable as a phenomenon called aurora borealis. Use of solar energy is really popular for several old ages. Besides tonss of people have started to put in solar panels on their houses. In the last old ages, photovoltaic systems started to hold taking place in this industry. As a web page toolbase.org explains, Photovoltaic systems use solar electric panels to straight change over the Sun s energy into electricity ( Toolbase, n.d. ) . As the beginning continues, there are different sizes of t he photovoltaic device. As it is written on the mentioned web page, there exist two types of photovoltaic panels stiff and flexible. Harmonizing to the beginning, stiff PV photovoltaic system faculties typically have a glass screen while the flexible faculties have a really lasting movie screen. Both types of PV faculty building have been strictly well-tried to last storm and hail harm and are immune to debasement from ultra-violet beams ( Toolbase, n.d. ) . As the research is in advancement, new possibilities are invented. Merely recently, as it was promulgated on web page sciencedaily.com, scientists form the Freiburg Materials Research Center and Department of Microsystems Engineering invented new intercrossed solar cell that will increase the force of solar cells. As the mentioned web page explains, photoactive bed of intercrossed solar cells consists of a mixture of inorganic nanoparticles and an organic polymer ( Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 2010 ) . As the beg inning continues, it is theoretically possible to use the method developed by the research workers to many nanoparticles, so this discovery opens up new potency for increasing the readiness of this type of solar cell even further ( Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 2010 ) . For elaborate position of this new engineering, see image 2 and 3 in Appendix B. These solar systems have jalopy of advantages. The biggest advantage is that it does non harm environment because it is clear manner of production of electricity. As it was mentioned in the beginning of the paragraph, solar energy is unlimited, which is the following advantage of this system. As the web page of AES explains, this system works best in the sunniest, frequently the poorest, parts of the universe ( AES, n.d.d ) . This can guarantee these states independency in a field of involve for electricity. As the beginning continues, solar energy is safe and flexible ( AES, n.d.d ) . Solar energy can besides assist to b ring forth heat or warm up the H2O needed for families or houses. This vision is portion of ecohouses. The mentioned facts confirm that solar energy has great possible and future, and for certain, it will assist to love down humanA?s dependance on oil in field of bring forthing electricity and heat.Water energy is besides considered one of the hereafter energy beginnings because of its advantages. Water has large power, particularly its flow. This fact is a basic premise for utilizing H2O in hydro power workss. As the web page U.S. geological paper explains, hydroelectric works uses falling H2O to turn the turbine ( USGS, n.d. ) . As the beginning continues, a hydraulic turbine converts the energy of fluxing H2O into mechanical energy. A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity ( USGS, n.d. ) . For more inside informations, see image 1 and 2 in Appendix C. This type of bring forthing electricity is really common in the universe. As web page of S lovenske elektrarne explains, besides Slovakia has several hydro power workss in H2O impound like Orava, Nosice, or Liptovska Mara, and pumped retention hydro workss located for illustration in Liptovka Mara or A?ierny Vah ( Slovenske elektrarne, n.d. ) . Not merely the H2O in rivers but besides H2O in seas can be used for bring forthing electricity. In the instance of sea H2O, tidal power is utilised. Harmonizing to company Verdant power, free Flow Kinetic Hydropower System uses three-bladed, horizontal-axis turbines deployed submerged to bring forth clean renewable energy from tidal and river currents ( Verdant power, n.d. ) . As the beginning continues, it is installed to the full submerged and operates automatically and unseeable from shore. The system does non strike dikes or other major civil plant, and does non airt the natural flow of the H2O ( Verdant power, n.d. ) . For elaborate position, see image 3 and 4 in Appendix C. This tidal power is really utile, because, th anks to Moon and Sun, the H2O is moved without any human aid. This means that this system is non so dearly-won. As the AES explains, this system has more other advantages. The best is that this system is ecological and environmental friendly. As the beginning continues, this system is besides cheaper than some device utilizing tidal power strengthened on seashore. The system is safe and can be placed practically anyplace under the H2O ( AES, n.d.e ) . The mentioned advantages show that H2O energy can effectively bring forth electricity. Therefore, it can assist to cut down the usage of petroleum oil and other unrenewable resource.Although all the mentioned beginnings of energy seem great, all of them have some disadvantages. High initial costs are the common disadvantages for all of them. The 2nd disadvantages common for all the mentioned energy beginnings is non really high efficiency. These beginnings still can non bring forth the needful sum of electricity or heat that can be p roduce from oil or other unrenewable resources. It is true that these green beginnings of energies are non on the same degree as unrenewable resources, but as the development improve, besides these engineerings are improved. Therefore, the better efficiency of these alternate energy beginnings is merely a inquiry of clip. These new energy beginnings can assist to diminish the dependance on oil. In the hereafter, for certain they will be use as primary beginnings of energy.In the hereafter, air current, Sun, and H2O energy can replace unrenewable resources for production of electricity. It is true that batch of scientific research is needed for bettering the systems, but there is large potency. It is merely up to the authoritiess to back up the research in a field of alternate beginnings of energy. In the hereafter, the puting money will convey cleaner environment and independency from unrenewable resources. It is a great vision, and it is merely up to human race how it will work w ith these new engineerings.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

The blue head

From deep water came the crocodile. Out of black water, curved with whirlpools, and Into the ruff of gold sh t out(p) ensembleows by the stepping- pitfalls. He was twice the length of a t all told man and inside him, among the stones which he had swallowed to lad digestion, rolled a silver bracelet. feeling was being floated stamp out this great Indian river from forests further up, and at that place were sleepers lying stuck around the stones until someone came to dislodge them and send them on their way, or until floods lifted them and Jostled them along.The crocodile had no need to hide himself. He came to rest In the glassy shallows, among logs, and balanced there on tiptoe on the rippled sand, with only his raised look out of the water, and raised nostrils breathing the clean sunny air. Around him broad sparkling water traveled between cliffs and grass and forested hills. A jungle track came out of scrub each side and down to the sun- snow-cladned stepping-stones on which a little flycatcher was flirting and trilling along.The mugger crocodile, blackish brown to a higher place and yellowy white under, lay motionless, able to wait for ever till food came. This antediluvian saurian?this prehistoric Juggernaut, erectors and formidable, a vast force in the water, propelled by the unimaginable and irresistible power of the huge tail, lay lapped by ripples, a throb in his throat. His mouth, running almost the whole length of his head, was closed and amend in that evil bony smile, and where the yellow underside came up to It, It was tinged with green.From the day, perhaps a hundred years ago, when the sun had hatched him in a sandbank, and he had broken his shell, and got his head out and looked around, ready to snap at anything before he was even fully hatched?from that day, when he ad at at one time made for the water, ready to fend for himself Immediately. He had lived by his brainless craft and ferocity. Escaping the birds of prey and the great carni vorous fishes that eat baby crocodiles, he has prospered, catching all the food he needed, and storing it till putrid In holes in the bank.Tepid water to live in and plenty of rotted food grew him to his great length. Now zero point could pierce the inch-thick armored hide. Not even rifle bullets, which would bounce off. Only the eyes and the soft underarms offered a place. He lived well In the river, sunning himself sometimes with some early(a) crocodiles?muggers, as well as the long-snorted fish-eating sharply? on warm rocks and sandbanks where the sun dried the clay on them quite white, and where they could plop off into the water in a The big crocodile fed mostly on fish, but also on deer and monkeys come to drink, perhaps a duck or two. further sometimes here at the ford he fed on a pi-dog full of parasites or a skeleton cow. And sometimes he went down to the hot Ghats and base the half-burned bodies of Indians cast into the stream. Beside him in the shoals as he lay waiti ng glimmered a blue gem. It was not a gem, though it was sand-worn glass that had been rolling active in the river for a long time. By chance, it was perforated right through?the neck of a bottle perhaps? ?a blue bead.In the shrill swishy village above the ford, out of a mud house the same color as the ground came a little girl, a thin starveling nipper dressed in an earth-colored rag. She had torn the rag in two to make skirt and sari. Sabina was eating the last of her meal, chapatti wrapped round a cytologic smear of green chili and rancid butter and she divided this also, to make it seem more, and bend it, showing straight white teeth. With her ebony hair and great eyes, and her splutter of oiled brown cream, she was a happy immature child- muliebrity about twelve years old.Bare foot, of course, and often gooses-cold on a winter morning, and innate(p) to toil. In all her life, she had never owned anything but a rag. She had never owned even one Anna?not a piece, not a p, e ven, to buy, say, a handful of winded glass beads from that stall in the bazaar where they were piled like stars, or one of the thin glass bangles that the man kept on a stick, and you could rent which color youd have. She knew what finery was, though. She had been with her parents and brothers all through the Jungle to the little town at the railhead where there was this bazaar.And she had walked through all the milling people, and the dogs and monkeys full of fleas, the idling gossiping dicker humanity spitting betel Juice, heard the bell of a sacred bull clonking as he lumped along through the dust and hubbub. She had paused, amazed, before the sweetmeat stall, to look at the brilliant honey confections, abuzz with dust and flies. They smelled wonderful, above the smells of drains and humanity and cheap cigarettes. At home she sometimes tasted wild none, or crunched the syrup out of a stalk of sugar cane. alone these sweets were green and magenta.Then there was the cloth stal l, stacked with great rolls of new cotton cloth, stamped at the edge with the makers sign of a tigers head and smelling so wonderful of its But there were other wonders to see satin sewn with real silver thread, tin trays from Birmingham, and a sari which had got chips of looking-glass embroidered into the border. She conjugated the crowd round a Kashmir traveling merchant on his way to the bungalows. He was showing downloaded silks that poured like cream, and hed got little locked chest with turquoises and opals in it.Best of all, a stripe which, when you pressed it, a bell tinkled and a yellow woolen chicken Jumped out. There was no end to the wonders of the world. But Sabina, in all her life from ancestry to death, was posted for work. Since she could toddle, she had husked corn, and gathered sticks, and put dung to dry, and cooked and weeded, and carried, and fetched water, and cut grass for fodder. She was spill with her mother and some other women now to get paper grass f rom the cliffs above the river.When you had enough of it, you could take it down by lock cart to the railhead and sell it to the agent who would arrange for its dispatch to the paper mills. The women often toiled all day at this work, and the agent sat on silk cushions, smoking a hookah. Such thoughts did not trouble Sabina, however, as she skipped along with her reaping hook and homemade byrnie beside her mother. You could skip on the way out, but not on the way back when you ached with tiredness, and there was a great load to carry.Some of the women were wearing necklaces made out of ala-ala-begs, the shiny reddened seeds, black one end, that grew everywhere in the Jungle?it was best to have ewe necklaces each year, instead of last years faded ones?and Sabina was reservation one too. How nice it was going to be to hear that rattling swish round her neck, as she brushed along with lots of necklaces. But each seed, hard as stone, had to be drill with a red-hot needle, and the f amily needle was snapped, so she must wait till they could buy another.Oh for strings and strings of glass and beads?anklets, earrings, inserting, bangles? all the gorgeous stun of the bazaar?all her little golden body decorated Chattering as they went, the women followed the dusty track toward the river. On their way, they passed a Gujarat encampment of grass huts where these erratic grazers would live for a time until their animals had perhaps finished all the easy grazing within reach, or they were not able to sell enough of their white butter and white milk in the district, or there was no one to buy the young male buffaloes for tiger-bait.Or perhaps a cattle-killing tiger was making a nuisance of himself. Then they move wrinkled at the ankles, and in their ears large silver rings made out of melted rupees and one of them was clink a stick against the big brass graphs in which they etched water from the river for the camp, to see which ones were empty. The men and boys were ou t of camp Just now with the herd or gone to the bazaar to sell produce, but one or two buffaloes were standing about, creatures of great wet noses and moving Jaws and gaunt black bones.The Sugars were Jungles, as Sabina was too, born and bred in the forest. For countless centuries, their forebears had lived like this, getting their living from animals, from grass and trees, as they scratched their food together, and stored their substance in large herds and silver Jewelry. They were Man in the world-wide Pastoral Age, not Stone Age Hunters, and not yet Cultivators. Ah, now there was the river, twinkling between the trees, sunlit beyond dark trunks. They could hear it move along. The women came out on the shore, and made for the stepping-stones.They had plenty to laugh and bicker about, as they approached the river in a noisy crowd. They girded up their skirts, so as to Jump from stone to stone, and they clanked their sickles and forks together over their shoulders to have ease of movement. They shouted their quarrels above the gush of the river. Noise frightens crocodiles. The big mugger did not move, and all the women crossed in safety to the other bank. Here they had to climb a still hillside to get at the grass, but all fell to with a will, and sliced away at it wherever there was foothold to be had.Down below them ran the broad river, pouring powerfully out from its deep narrow pools among the cold cliffs and shadows, spreading into warm shallows, lit by kingfishers. grand turtles lived there, and amasser weighing more than a hundred pounds. Crocodiles too. Sometimes you could see them lying out on those slabs of lay over there, but there were none to be seen at the trice. Where Sabina was working, wind coming across hundreds of miles of trees cooled her sweating body, and she could look down over the river as if she were a bird.Although she did not dare stop for a moment under her mothers eye, her imagination took her in swooping flight over the brigh t water and golden air to the banks where she had played as a child. In those caveats above the high-water mark of the highest flood, she had stored some little bowls molded of clay while they hardened. If there were anything that elephants. Child The sharp word?the glare of her mothers angry sweating face, pulled Sabina back to work, and they toiled on. But at last it was time to go back to see to their animals and the evening meal. The loaded women set out to cross the river again. Sabina hung back.She would Just dawdle a bit and run and see if the little clay cups were still there in the cave, waiting to be painted and used. Although the women were now tired and loaded, they still talked. Those in presence yelled to those behind. They crossed the river safely and disappeared up the track into the trees on the other side. Even their voices died away. Silence fell. Sabina came down alone to the stepping-stones. The light of evening was striking up the gorge, pink into the ultravi olet shadows. Now that the sun was off it, the water poured almost invisible among the stones, with no reflection to show where it began.Sabina stepped onto the introductory stone. She was heavily weighted, her muscles stretched and aching. The hauberk squeaked in the packed dry grass and dug into her collarbone so close under the skin, in spite of the sari bunched up to make a pad. When she was central over, she put her load own on a big boulder to rest and leaned, breathing, on the fork. At the same moment a Gujarat woman came down with two graphs to the water on the other side. In order to get the good clear water, which would quickly fill both graphs to the top without sand, she walked onto the stepping-stones. She was within a yard of the crocodile when he lunged at her.Up out of the darling water heaved the great reptile, water slashing off him, his livid jaws yawning and all his teeth wink as he slashed at her leg. The woman screamed, dropped both brass pots with a clatter on the boulder, from hence they bounced to the water, and Sabina saw them bob away in the current. Oh, the two good vessels gone. The Gujarat woman recoiled from the crocodile, but his Jaws closed on her leg at the of the timber logs to save herself. The log Jammed between two boulders, with the woman clinging to it and screaming, while the crocodile pulled on her leg, threshing his might tail?bang ?bang ?to and fro in great smacking flails as he tried to drag her save and carry her off down into the deeps of the pool. Blood spread everywhere. Sabina sprang. From boulder to boulder she came leaping like a rock goat. Sometimes it had seemed difficult to cross these stones, specially the big gap in the middle where the river coursed through like a bulge of glass. But now she came on wings, choosing her footing in midair without even mentation about it, and in one moment she was beside the shrieking woman. In the boiling bloody water, the face of the crocodile, fastened round her l eg, was tugging to and fro, and smiling.His eyes rolled on to Sabina. whiz slap of the tail could kill her. He struck. Up shot the water, twenty feet, and fell like a silver chain. Again The rock Jumped under the blow. But in the daily heroism of the Jungle, as common as a thorn tree, Sabina did not hesitate. She aimed at the reptiles eyes. With all the force of her little body, she drove the hauberk at the eyes, and one prong went in?right in?while its pair scratched past on the horny cheek. The crocodile reared up in convulsion, till half his lounge lizard body was out of the river, the tail and nose roughly meeting over his stony back.Then he crashed back, exploding the water, and in an uproar of bloody foam he disappeared. He would die. Not yet, but presently, though his death would not be known for days to till his stomach, blown with gas, floated him. Then perhaps he would be found upside down among the logs at the timber boom, with pus in his eye. Sabina got her arms round the fainting woman, and somehow dragged her from the water. She stopped her wounds with sand, and bound them with rag, and helped her for treatment. Then Sabina went back for her grass and sickle and fork.The fork was lying in the river, not carried away, luckily, and as she bent to pick it up out of the water, she saw the blue bead. Not blue now, with the sun nearly gone, but a no-color white-blue, and its shape wobbling in the movement of the stream. She reached her arm down into a yard of the cold silk water to get it. Missing it first of all, because of refraction. Then there it lay in her wet palm, perfect, even pierced ready for use, with the sunset shuffled about inside it like gold-dust. All her heart went up in flames of Joy.After a bit she twisted it into the top of her skirt against her tummy so she would know if it burst through the poor cloth and fell. Then she picked up her fork and sickle and the heavy grass and set off home. AY AY What a day Her bare feet smudged out the wriggle-mark of snakes in the dust there was the thin bod of malaria mosquitoes among the trees now and this track was much used at night by a morose old manna elephant?the Tussles One but Sabina was not thought process of any of them. The stars came out she did not notice.On the way back she met her mother, out of breath, come to look for her, and scolding. l did not see till I was home, that you were not there. I thought something must have happened to you. And Sabina, bursting with her story, cried Something did I found a blue bead for my necklace, look 1. Think about your own values in sexual intercourse to Sahibs. Develop a chart to compare the two, sing the following categories Lifestyle, Threats to Safety, Life Goals, Role of Children, Education, Treasure or Wealth, Nature of Work, Sources of Self-Worth. . The story begins with a detailed interpretation of the crocodile, before shifting to Sahibs perspective. In small groups, discuss why In your discussion, conside r other ways that the story could be structured. Share your ideas with the rest of the class. 3. running(a) in pairs, present Sahibs story as a news item for a North American television news station. What details will you express? Who will you interview? How will you grab your viewers attention?

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Management Accounting Change Essay

Describe the Challenge of Management Accounting Change in light of recent research findings and discuss, how dismiss this transplant help an organisation, in getting its strategic, tactical and operating objectives? Management story substitute and the unvaryingly changing mappings of counseling accountants control dominated business traffichip literature for the past few decades and the theme of focussing accountancy change procedures has been a topical issue of many studies much(prenominal) as Baines and Langfield-Smith, 2003 Kapla, 1985 and Granlund and Lukka, 1998, just to advert a few.In order to understand the relationship between a firms strategy and objectives with its management accounting system transcriptions, it is necessary to first secure the latter. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) define Management Accounting as the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of info used by management to plan, approximate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources.Management accounting also comprises the preparation of financial reports for non-management groups such as shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and appraise authorities. It is all important(p) to explore the extent to which management and strategic concerns are driven by accounting practices, and also how accounting practices are mediated by the views that managers have of the role of accounting (Burns et. al, 1999). Changes in Management Accounting can be viewed as an inevitable process, and they are also intrinsically interlinked to non only changes in a firms strategy, but also with environmental changes.Both internal and external changes in our economic and business environment are the dominating factors in the change of management accounting practices within organisations. This view that change is inevitable has been supp orted by Kaplan (1985), where he details the change as a cause-effect relationship. In short, management accounting systems have to change whenever in that respect is any sort of change in an organisations business or economic environment. Organizational change is frequently a response to environmental change such as changes in competition, or changes in laws and legislation.So if Management Accounting change occurs due to organizational change, it is important to none the indirect link between environmental change and management accounting change (Burns et. al, 1999). Wijewardena and De Zoysa (1999) support this idea by detailing that the conquest of an organisations strategy can be determined by how quickly and effectively management accountants can adapt to their systems to ever changing environmental and economic conditions, thereby reinforcement the link between management accounting practices and the business environment.It is fair to invoke that there are a number of fa ctors that can influence change in management accounting and these factors are both internal and external. A research project on management accounting change in the UK, that was funded by CIMA and the scotch and Social Research Council was conducted between 1995 and 1998 by Burns et. al (1999). The study aimed to investigate changes in management accounting systems, the changing role of management accountants and the betrothal of modern accounting techniques.The study initially sought to enuredtle the claim that management accounting had not changed in more than 60 years (Johnson and Kaplan, 1987). The initial stages of the research found that management accounting practices use traditional accounting systems and modern techniques such as Activity-Based Costing and Strategic Management Accounting were not being used as much as expected. One reason for management accounting changes is the general economic factors such as the globalisation of markets. Changes in technology are ano ther key factor, especially changes in information systems and methods of production.It is in this context that changes in management accounting have taken place. Changes in information technology have allowed for accounts and information to be dispersed around the organisation and managers have a more profound and hands on role within a firm. This in turn indefinitely has an impact on how objectives are met and how strategies and tactics are implemented to achieve, said objectives. This has led to a decentring of accounting knowledge, meaning that it is not only specified accountants who have knowledge of a companys accounts, but also managers and their subordinates.This gives managers a greater ownership of information and it also means that they have to have an increased knowledge of accounting systems. Ezzamel (1997) states that a omit of change in accounting practices is presented as being not only detrimental to business interests but also threatening to corporate survival. However we must also look at external environmental factors and how they bear upon management accounting systems. A definition stated by Macy and Arunachalam (1995) define an external environment as a phenomenon that is external and have either strength or actual influence on organisations.However we must reiterate the fact that organisations of no control whatsoever over external factors. It is in an organisations trounce interest to take any external factors that could affect their operations, into consideration and to recognise them for their long term survival. External factors create a lot of scruple for firms. This uncertainty means that companies have to learn to adapt to sudden changes in external environmental business factors. Research by Mia and Patiar (2001) show that organisations must have more refined management accounting practices in order to operates successfully in uncertain business environments.There are also a number of views that play off the idea that ma nagement accounting systems are directly influenced by external environmental factors. The idea of uncertainty, according to Chapman (1997), can be linked to internal factors as well as external factors. More research shows that external factors affecting management accounting can be dealt with in the way internal managers and accountants genuinely perceive the external variables. Despite the vast amount of advantages to management accounting and organizational change, there are also downsides to such changes.Burns, Scapens and Ezzamel (1999), show that accounting change can challenge existing routines and institutions within an organisation. This can then lead to conflict and resistance within employees, managers and perhaps even board members. Goal congruity may disappear, and an organisations strategy to achieve objectives may be hindered with the lack of an aligning view from all the members who have succumbed to the initial accounting change. Burns et al. (1999) also state th at it can be a difficult process for previous systems to be unlearned.A major role for management accounting systems is to motivate behaviours of employees and managers in limit with the desires of the organisation as a whole. A great problem is that many managers try to implement new accounting systems without taking into consideration the behavioural implications and consequences of employees with regards to these systems. The lack of goal congruence and effective communication can lead to low motivation and dysfunctional behaviour of employees. A change in an existing system will reduce employees knowledge and skill thereby affecting the effectiveness to achieve company objectives.Implementation of new techniques has to be orchestrated with great administer and communicated thoroughly throughout the organisation. Accounting practices and emerging routines can be said to be institutionalised when they become widely accepted in the organisation such that they become the unquestio nable form of management control. In which case, they are an inherent feature of the management control process, and represent expected forms of behaviour and define the relations between the various organisational groups (Burns and Scapens, 2000).Burns et. al study of CHEM, a small chemicals manufacturer showed that a change in the accounting and organisational systems had little impact on the company as a whole and it did not change their previous ways of thinking. This led to conflict between individual members of the chemical manufacturing company. Later, the new accounting systems were scrapped as they offered little benefits to the company there had been very little change in the routines, institutions and systems of the firm.There are also claims that management accounting does not unceasingly change or respond to environmental or business changes. For manikin Kaplan (1984) suggests that despite significant changes to the business environment, such as increased competition and continuous changes in technologies and production processes, there has been no signicant changes in management accounting to match since 1925. Research conducted by Horngren (1995) and Burns et. al (1999) show that firms still tend to use traditional management accounting methods instead of adopting new techniques such as ABC.It is also important to note that their has also been a lack of death penalty of non-financial measures such as Total Quality Management, Strategic Management Advice or Internal Financial Presentation and Communication. The absences of modern accounting methods support the claim that there is indeed in some cases little change within organisations from traditional accounting systems to new techniques. It is a difficult process to draw a set conclusion on the effectiveness of management accounting change.It is evident that there are vast pools of research both supporting the idea that management accounting hange is beneficial in aiding an organisations str ategy but there is an equal amount of research to support the idea that change in accounting systems is derogatory to the success and progress of a business. It is fair to say that further external factors can determine how successful accounting change can be for a firm. For example we must take into account cultural and political factors of the country a particular organisation resides in to fully understand the implications of strategic, and management accounting change.It is unrealistic to apply findings from research to every company, because in short, every company is different be it its strategy, its structure, its ethics or its objectives. We must be liberal in what we determine is successful implementation of management accounting change. The change that has taken place in organisations cannot be pinpointed to solely a change in management accounting systems and techniques but it is in fact the change in how these new systems are used and implemented (Burns et. al 2000) and these changes are more often than not part of wider changes of the organisation as a whole.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Plastics-Advantages and Disadvantages

An average time for a waxy bottle to biodegrade fully is approximately 450-1000 years. However, there are some different kinds of ductile in the world, close commonly the hard and reusable ones, which take a perennial time, and the soft and non-reusable ones, which take a shorter time. eon also varies with the size of the bottle. The obvious disadvantage is the length of time it takes plastic to break down as well as the harmful chemicals that will be released. You may find that in gar basises 90% or more(prenominal) will be of plastics only. so its main disadvantage is its non bio degradable nature.. nd by some substance if tried to burn it then it will create much envi pollution Advantages The durability, strength, low personify, water and chemicals resistance, weld properties, lesser energy and heavy chemicals requirements in manufacture, fewer atmosphere emissions and light weight are advantages of plastic bags. Many studies comparing plastic versus paper for shopping b ags show that plastic bags have less wampum environmental effect than paper bags, requiring less energy to produce, transport and recycle however these studies also vizor that recycling rates for plastic are signifi pecktly lower than for paper. 2 plastic bagscan be incinerated in appropriate facilities for waste-to-energy. Plastic bags are stable and benign in sanitary landfills. 3 Plastic carrier bags can be reprocessd as trash bags or bin bags. Plastic bags are complimentary in many locations but are charged or taxed in others. Disadvantages The following disadvantages have also been identified Plastic bags are made of petrochemicals, a nonrenewable resource. Plastic bags are flimsy and often do not stand up as well as paper or textile.When disposed of improperly, they are unsightly and represent a hazard to wildlife. Conventional plastic bags are not readily biodegradable in asanitary landfill. Plastic bags can cause unsupervised infants to suffocate. 4 They clog roadside dr ains, which could cause the fill of the street at heavy rainfalls. Advantages Its useful for carrying things, and can be reusable. Disadvantages It takes 100 years to biodegrade, and if plastics are thrown and twisted and left anywhere it could get to animals and harm themThe disadvantages of using plastic bags is that you cant recycle them and thats horrible for our orbiter , like what the world is saying to us, help make me stay green As a self-importance declared environmentalist, I am at odds with using plastic bags versus using reusable cloth bags (also called reuse bags), because both types of bags have advantages and disadvantages. Here is why. First, plastic bags are cheap, so they can be presumption away free without thought. Cloth bags are much more individually expensive, and only become cost effective in the very long term assuming they last a long comely time.Second, plastic bags can be found everywhere. Only large chain stores carry reusable bags and for a cost. S o you need to remember to bring enough cloth bags each time you go to the store. Third, I reuse plastic bags at home as trash bags instead of buying trash bags. why pay for trash bags when plastic bags are free? And trash bags are only used once, inappropriate plastic bags that can be used at least twice. Also, plastic bags are great for pie-eyed and messy waste that you wouldnt want to dirty a cloth bag with. For example, plastic bags are perfect for dirty diapers or gooey kitchen waste.Fourth, after Ive collected a large take of plastic bags, they are easy to recycle. Are reuse cloth bags recyclable? Will they degrade everyplace time buried in a landfill? I dont know which type of bag is more environmentally friendly. Finally, cloth bags are much sturdier than plastic bags, so you can put more in cloth bags thus carry more per bag and they last a lot longer if you are careful with them. As a result, I find that I use both reuse cloth bags and plastic bags, since I have a reaso nable need for both types of bags.